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What do you know about this?1Cognitive Development from Childhood Through AdolescenceShalonte CrossSouthern New Hampshire UniversityPSY

April 25, 2024

What do you know about this?

Cognitive Development from Childhood Through Adolescence

Shalonte Cross

Southern New Hampshire University

PSY 322: Adolescent Development

Professor Emily Garcia

March 31, 2024

Black, M., & Adjei, N. K. (2022). Longitudinal analysis of cognitive development across

childhood and adolescence: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The

Lancet, 400, S23.

Black and Adjei (2022) implemented a longitudinal study, using data from UK

Millennium Cohort Study, to estimate cognitive development trajectories across the childhood

and early teenage years. They identified four trajectories: early childhood cognitive concerns,

late childhood cognitive problems, persistent cognitive problems, and low cognitive

problems. They found out that economic issues including growing poverty, low maternal

education, and low parental engagement at school are connected to cognitive issues at all

ages. Similarly, gender, ethnicity, experienced bullying, parents reading habits, and school

enjoyment act as different variables felt to influence cognitive development trajectories as a way

of finding areas of intervention.

Kent, G., Pitsia, V., & Colton, G. (2018). Cognitive development during early childhood:

Insights from families living in areas of socio-economic disadvantage. Early Child

Development and Care.

Kent et al. (2018) examined cognitive development of children in early age, especially of

those who grow up in socially deprived community in Ireland. Part of a randomized controlled

trial, their study involving 126 four-year-old children suggested several factors that could be

predictors of child cognitive development. It was revealed that among these factors, gender,

breastfeeding attempts, home income level, and intervention intensity were highly significant

determinants of cognitive scores. Such results signify that actions and policies designed to deal

with social-economic inequalities tend to have as a consequence the improvement of cognitive

outcomes to achieve during early childhood.

Lima, R. A., Soares, F. C., van Poppel, M., Savinainen, S., Mäntyselkä, A., Haapala, E. A., &

Lakka, T. (2022). Determinants of cognitive performance in children and adolescents: A

populational longitudinal study. International journal of environmental research and

public health, 19(15), 8955.

Lima et al. (2022) implemented a longitudinal study of large population samples in order

to understand the factors involved with cognitive performance in children and youth. They found

it by studying 502 young people from the ages 8 and 12, 437 from 12 to 14, and 277 from 14 to

18; the prevalence of lifestyle factors, such as physical fitness activities and cognitive

engagement for example, reading and playing music, had a positive effect on cognitive

performance. First, of all, maternal factors as preeclampsia and some lifestyle activities for

example watching TV, diminished the cognitive outcomes. This study highlights the role of these

lifestyle choices and physical activities in shaping intellectual development as children grow and

become teens.

Cozzani, M., Aradhya, S., & Goisis, A. (2021). The cognitive development from childhood to

adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction—a

UK longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 50(5), 1514-1523.

Cozzani et al. (2021) examined low birthweight infants who were conceived by

medically assisted reproduction (MAR) versus naturally conceived infants by investigating their

cognitive development. The researchers based their data on UK Millennium Cohort Study, which

showed that MAR low BW children have the same cognitive ability as naturally conceived

children of non-low birthweight in age range from early age to adulthood. Nevertheless, given

that we measured family socio-demographics together with cognitive test scores, cognitive

differences between MAR low birthweight children and other groups turned out to be less. The

fact that MAR children harbored better socioeconomic backgrounds may have cushioned the

brain development problems brought about by low birthweight.

References

Black, M., & Adjei, N. K. (2022). Longitudinal analysis of cognitive development across

childhood and adolescence: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The

Lancet, 400, S23.

Cozzani, M., Aradhya, S., & Goisis, A. (2021). The cognitive development from childhood to

adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction—a

UK longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 50(5), 1514-1523.

Kent, G., Pitsia, V., & Colton, G. (2018). Cognitive development during early childhood:

Insights from families living in areas of socio-economic disadvantage. Early Child

Development and Care.

Lima, R. A., Soares, F. C., van Poppel, M., Savinainen, S., Mäntyselkä, A., Haapala, E. A., &

Lakka, T. (2022). Determinants of cognitive performance in children and adolescents: A

populational longitudinal study. International journal of environmental research and

public health, 19(15), 8955.

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